PHYSICS SYLLABUS ALL
CONTENTS CLASS XI SYLLABUS
UNIT
I: Physical World and Measurement
•
Physics: Scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology and
society.
•
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental
and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision
of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures.
•
Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
UNIT
II: Kinematics
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Frame of
reference, Motion in a straight
line; Position-time graph,
speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average
speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time
and position-time graphs, for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical
treatment).
•
Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion.
Scalar and vector quantities: Position and displacement vectors, general
vectors, general vectors and
notation, equality of vectors, multiplication of
vectors by a real
number; addition and subtraction of vectors. Relative velocity.
•
Unit vectors. Resolution of a vector in plane-rectangular components.
•
Scalar and Vector products of Vectors. Motion in a plane. Cases of uniform velocity
and uniform acceleration projectile motion. Uniform circular motion.
UNIT
III: Laws of Motion
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Intuitive concept of
force. Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and
Newton’s second law of
motion; impulse; Newton’s third
law of motion.Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
•
Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of
friction, rolling friction, lubrication.
•
Dynamics of uniform circular motion. Centripetal force, examples of circular
motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road).
UNIT
IV: Work, Energy and Power
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Work done by a constant force and variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy
theorem, power.
•
Motion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces;
conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies);non conservative
forces; motion in a vertical circle, elastic and inelastic collisions in one
and two dimensions.
UNIT
V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
•
Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of
mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of uniform rod.
•
Moment of a force,-torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum
with some examples.
•
Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equation of rotational
motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions; moment of inertia, radius
of gyration. Values of M.I. for simple geometrical objects (no derivation).
Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.
UNIT
VI: Gravitation
•
Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. The universal law of gravitation.
Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.
•
Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity,
orbital velocity of a satellite. Geostationary satellites.
UNIT
VII: Properties of Bulk Matter
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Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship. Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus,
bulk modulus, shear, modulus of rigidity, poisson’s ratio; elastic energy.
•
Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, Reynold’s number, streamline and
turbulent flow. Critical velocity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications.
•
Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure,
application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
•
Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and
gases. Anomalous expansion. Specific heat capacity: Cp, Cv- Calorimetry; change
of state latent heat.
•
Heat transfer- conduction and thermal conductivity, convection and radiation.
Qualitative ideas of Black Body Radiation, Wein’s displacement law, and Green
House effect.
•
Newton’s law of cooling and Stefan’s law.
UNIT
VIII: Thermodynamics
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Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of
Thermodynamics). Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics.
Isothermal and adiabatic processes.
•
Second law of the thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes. Heat
engines and refrigerators.
UNIT
IX: Behavior of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory
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Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas.
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Kinetic theory of gases: Assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy
and temperature; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of
energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases;
concept of mean free path.
UNIT
X: Oscillations and Waves
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Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic
functions. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its equation; phase; oscillations
of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in SHM –Kinetic and
potential energies; simple
pendulum-derivation of expression
for its time
period; free, forced
and damped oscillations
(qualitative ideas only), resonance.
•
Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of wave motion.
Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of
waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental
mode and harmonics. Beats, Doppler Effect.
CONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS
UNIT
I: Electrostatics
•
Electric charges and their conservation. Coulomb’s law-force between two
point charges, forces between multiple
charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
•
Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines;
electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a
uniform electric field.
•
Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field
due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
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Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point
charge, a dipole and system of charges: equipotential surfaces, electrical
potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric diploes in an
electrostatic field.
•
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor.
Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination
of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored
in a capacitor, Van de Graff generator.
UNIT
II: Current Electricity
•
Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift
velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law,
electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (liner and non-linear), electrical
energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity.
•
Carbon resistors, color code for carbon resistors; series and parallel
combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance.
•
Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell,
combination of cells in series and in parallel.
•
Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
•
Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and
for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
UNIT
III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
•
Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot-Savart law and its
application to current carrying circular loop.
•
Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight
and toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and
electric fields. Cyclotron.
•
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force
between two parallel current-carrying conductors definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its
current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
•
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic
dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque
on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet)in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic
elements.
•
Para, dia and ferro magnetic substances, with examples.
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Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
UNIT
IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
•
Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law,
Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.
•
Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage;
reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR
series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattles current.
•
AC generator and transformer.
UNIT
V: Electromagnetic Waves
•
Need for displacement current.
•
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only).
Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
•
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible,
ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
UNIT
VI: Optics
•
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light,
total internal reflection and its applications optical fibers, refraction at
spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula.
Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact
combination of a lens and a mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through
a prism.
•
Scattering of light- blue color of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at
sunrise and sunset.
•
Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction
of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses.
•
Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their
magnifying powers.
•
Wave optics: Wave front and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of
plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts.
•
Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle.
•
Interference, Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width,
coherent sources and sustained interference of light.
•
Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
•
Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane
polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.
UNIT
VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
•
Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric
equation- particle nature of light.
•
Matter waves- wave
nature of particles,
de Broglie relation. Davisson Germer experiment
(experimental details should
be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).
UNIT
VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
•
Alpha- particle scattering experiments; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model,
energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic
masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
•
Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties decay
law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
UNIT
IX: Electronic Devices
•
Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and
semiconductors; semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse
bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V Characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell,
and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor,
transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier
(common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND
and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
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